Mikko Tiainen
CSC - IT Center for Science Ltd. is a company entrusted with special state assignment and owned by the state of Finland (70% of the shares) and Finnish higher education institutions (30% of the shares). Among other things, it provides a national digital preservation service for all Finnish cultural heritage institutions and academic institutions (https://www.digitalpreservation.fi/). The Finnish Digital Preservation Service has 7.5PiB capacity with 3+1 preservation copies where +1 is LTO8 tape dark archive, 3 preservation copies are spinning disk, LTO9 and LTO8 tapes. Around 4PiB currently in use. Since 2022 the Finnish Digital Preservation Service Team has published its annual carbon footprint figures.
Carbon footprint mitigation tasks that have been carried out since 2022 include:
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Relocating data center so that PUE of the used data center is better (1.6 > 1.05)
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Change the electricity purchase agreement to a green one (Hydropower)
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Upgrading spinning disks into helium filled 16TB models which has lower power consumption (40% reduction) and lower in-body carbon footprint (50%) than earlier spinning disk models (Seagate change to green electricity)
The carbon footprint optimization of Finnish DP service is a yearly optimization target. They published an Excel tool to calculate their annual carbon emissions. The current carbon footprint for the Finnish Digital Preservation Service is 21 kgCO2ev / TiB/ year.
Some recent work has been published as a poster from iPRES 2024 - A Generic Carbon Footprint Model. This poster describes a generic model for calculating the footprint in cases where hardware manufacturers do not report the embodied carbon footprint figures for their hardware.