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Materials saved to flash or other solid-state storage devices where the media is out of warranty and reader devices may no longer be supported or integrated easily into hardware infrastructure: typically, more than five years old. |
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Group: Portable Media |
Trend in 2021: |
Consensus Decision |
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Added to List: 2019 |
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Previous classification: Critically Endangered |
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Trend in 2022: |
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Imminence of Action Action is recommended within three years, detailed assessment in one year. |
Significance of Loss The loss of tools, data or services within this group would impact on many people and sectors. |
Effort to Preserve It would require a major effort to prevent losses in this group, including the development of new preservation tools or techniques |
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Examples USB sticks and pen drives; Flash storage in cameras and phones; certain types of portable hard disk |
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‘Practically Extinct’ in the Presence of Aggravating Conditions Poor physical storage; inability to access readers; no replication; encryption |
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‘Endangered’ in the Presence of Good Practice Active management; dependable access to readers; strong documentation; documentation independent from the media |
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2021 Jury Review This entry was added in 2019 to ensure that the range of media storage is properly assessed and presented. Solid state media – typically flash – provides very fast access to data but can fail without warning. This is because it is typically subject to a limited number of program/erase cycles, as well as ‘read/disturb’ effects. Storage at scale also means the percentage likelihood of failure increases. The 2021 Jury agreed with the entry’s assigned risk classification with no noted changes towards increased or reduced risk. |
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Additional Comments Early generations of media and cheap giveaways are not robust and can deteriorate significantly over time. |
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No Change